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Cystitis in women: what it is, symptoms and treatment

Many women suffer from the appearance of the first symptoms of cystitis: they begin self-medication, consult pharmacists at the pharmacy and purchase sophisticated medications. They cannot even imagine what the consequences of such treatment could be without knowing the causes, type and form of the disease. To prevent complications of the disease, it is necessary to undergo proper diagnosis.

Cystitis is an inflammation of the urinary tract and the lining of the bladder. This disease is predominantly female. It is caused by the structure of the urethra in women, which is shorter and wider than in men, so infection or penetration of harmful microorganisms occurs more often.

Cystitis according to ICD-10

According to the international classification of diseases, this type of inflammation belongs toXIVth class, its code№30. 0.

According to the international classification of diseases, there are several forms of cystitis:

  1. Acute cystitis code No. 30. 0.
  2. Chronic (interstitial) code no. 30. 1.
  3. Chronic cystitis code (other) No. 30. 2.
  4. Trigonite code No. 30. 3.
  5. Radiation type of the inflammatory process code No. 30. 4.
  6. Other forms of cystitis No. 30. 5.
  7. Unspecified cystitis no. 30. 6.

Each form of inflammatory process requires individual treatment. Therefore, the disease should be diagnosed in a medical institution and medications recommended by a doctor should be taken.

Causes of cystitis in women

People suffer from this disease30% women under 45. The main cause of the inflammatory process is a special anatomical structure in which there is contact between the flora of the reproductive and urinary systems of women. Other reasons include:

  • Poor genital hygiene.
  • Passive (sedentary) lifestyle.
  • Stress.
  • Unbalanced diet.
  • Eat spicy and fatty foods.
  • The presence of chronic gynecological and venereal diseases.
  • Unprotected sex.
  • Prolonged hypothermia.
  • Bladder injuries.
  • Changes in hormone levels.
  • Reduced immunity.
  • Synthetic underwear.

The most common cause of bladder inflammation is an intestinal infection.

What bacteria cause inflammation?

Cystitis is caused by infection with various pathogenic bacteria:

  1. Candida mushrooms.
  2. Escherichia coli.
  3. Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
  4. Gonococci.
  5. Ureaplasma.
  6. Mycoplasmas.
  7. Trichomonas.
  8. Chlamydia.
  9. Enterobacter.
  10. Treponema pallidum.
  11. Staphylococci.
  12. Streptococci.
  13. Enterococcus.
  14. Meningococcus.
  15. Coliform microbes.
  16. Proteus.
  17. Salmonella.
  18. Virus.
  19. Listeria.
  20. Klebsiella.

The most common opportunistic bacteria causing the acute stage of inflammation is Escherichia coli.

E. coli most often causes the development of cystitis in women

The first signs of the disease in women

Within 24 hours, the first signs of illness appear after infection with pathogenic bacteria or hypothermia. These signs include:

  • Weakness.
  • Mild fever.
  • Frequent urination in small amounts.
  • Itching of the genitals.
  • Drawing pains in the lower abdomen at night.
  • Painful urination.
  • The appearance of discharge from the genitals.

Urine becomes cloudy with sediment in the form of flakes mixed with blood or pus.

One of the signs of cystitis in a woman is aching pain in the lower abdomen.

Symptoms of cystitis in women

The main symptoms of the inflammatory process in women:

  1. Urine is released frequently and in small portions.
  2. Burning sensation when emptying the bladder.
  3. At night, frequent urge to urinate.
  4. Cloudy urine mixed with mucus, blood and pus.
  5. Feeling of heaviness in the lower abdomen.
  6. Urine has an unpleasant, pungent odor.
  7. Shooting pain appears in the lower abdomen, kidneys and spine.
  8. Low body temperature.

If one or more symptoms are detected, it is necessary to make a diagnosis in order to avoid complications or the development of urolithiasis.

A woman worries about the symptoms of cystitis in the form of frequent and painful urination

Urinary incontinence with cystitis in women

Urinary incontinence in women with the disease is a signneglect of illness. The main reason is self-medication or refusal to go to a medical institution.

Urinary incontinence is due to the developmentinflammatory process after infection in the bladder. The nerve endings in the walls of the bladder become irritated, causing a frequent urge to urinate. If treatment is inappropriate or ignored, the urges become strong and can no longer be controlled.

Do your kidneys hurt from cystitis?

The kidneys are part of the urinary system and produce urea, which forms urine. Urine exits through the ureters, collects in the bladder, and then comes out again. If the inflammatory process in the bladder becomes advanced, the infection travels up the ureters to the kidneys, which explains why kidney pain occurs in cystitis.

If pain in the kidneys begins to intensify after cystitis, this means that the patient is developing a disease - pyelonephritis. Therefore, in case of kidney pain, you should immediately consult a doctor for tests and diagnosis of the disease.

Types and forms of cystitis in women

Modern medicine classifies cystitis depending on the nature of the disease, the causes of its occurrence, morphology, stage of development and spread of the inflammatory process. Cystitis can occur in the following forms:

  1. Spicy– inflammation of the bladder lining due to various infections.
  2. Chronic– differs from acute cystitis in washed symptoms with their periodic appearance.
  3. Interstitial– characterized by the formation of a malignant tumor on the walls of the bladder. This is a dangerous pathology that requires surgical intervention.
  4. Honeymoon Cystitis- this is a special form, typical for girls who start having sex. During the process of defloration, foreign bacteria enter the vaginal cavity, which causes inflammatory processes.

Most experts identify the following types of cystitis:

  • InfectiousCystitis occurs due to the penetration of harmful bacteria and microorganisms into the bladder.
  • Traumatica type of disease that occurs due to injury and bruising of the urethra.
  • ChemicalCystitis occurs when it is improperly treated or when the body is exposed to toxic substances.
  • Hemorrhagicthe species is the result of viral diseases.
  • HypercalceuricThis type occurs in women who have kidney failure.
  • Parasitethe species is due to the penetration of parasites (worms) from the anus into the urethra.
  • SexualCystitis occurs in women who often change sexual partners.
  • Raycystitis occurs during procedures with exposure of the body to radiation.
  • AllergicThis type occurs when allergens enter the body and can cause an inflammatory process.
  • CervicalCystitis is an inflammation of the neck of the bladder.
  • Fungalthe species develops if there are Candida fungi in the body.
  • HormoneCystitis in women occurs with an increase in the level of estrogen in the body, which reduces immunity and makes it easier for infection to penetrate.

Recurrent cystitis

Recurrent cystitis is an acute type of inflammation of the genitourinary organs that occursmore than 3 times in six months. Recurring causes:

  1. Chronic non-compliance with the rules of personal hygiene.
  2. Genetic predisposition.
  3. Anatomical abnormalities, such as dystopia.
  4. Narrowing of the urethra.
  5. Stones or sand in the bladder.
  6. Frequent change of sexual partners.
  7. Gynecological diseases.
  8. Constant hypothermia.

For the recurrent type of the disease, treatment is the same as for acute cystitis.

Diagnostic

The doctor carries out an initial examination of the patient, collects the anamnesis and writes a referral for tests:

  • General blood analysis.
  • General urine analysis.
  • Bacteriological culture of urine.
  • Vaginal microflora smear.
  • Ultrasound.
  • Cystography.
Ultrasound examination of the bladder can help diagnose cystitis in a woman.

Based on the test results, the doctor makes a diagnosis and prescribes appropriate treatment.

How long does it take to treat cystitis in women?

The doctor prescribes treatmentat least 10-14 days. The duration of treatment will depend on the form and type of cystitis, as well as the risk of relapse. The inflammatory process is treated with medications in several stages. Self-medication can lead to the appearance of complications and treatment will take a long time.

Methods and drugs for the treatment of cystitis in women

If cystitis occurs, you should first of all consult a doctor and get tested to find out the cause of its appearance.

To treat diseases of the genitourinary organs, antibiotics, medicinal plants, hot baths and folk remedies are prescribed. Treatment methods and dosage of medications are determined by the doctor.

During drug treatment, complex treatment is carried out with antibiotics, antispasmodics, probiotics, medicinal plants, and in case of severe pain, analgesics are prescribed.

During treatment with antibiotics, the intestinal microflora suffers, so the doctor prescribes probiotics.

Medicines for the treatment of cystitis - antibiotics, probiotics, antispasmodics, medicinal plants

For severe spasms, antispasmodics are prescribed.

Herbal medicines are prescribed by a doctor to relieve inflammatory processes in the urinary system. These are preparations based on herbs and plant flowers that are effective in combating the inflammatory process. These include:

  • Lingonberry leaves.
  • Bearberry.
  • Cranberry fruit and medicinal herb products.

Therapeutic baths will help relieve spasms and have an antibacterial effect. Plant decoctions, infusions and oils are added to these baths:

  1. Chamomile flowers.
  2. Collection of medicinal plants for the urinary system.
  3. Calendula.
  4. A series.
  5. St. John's wort.
  6. Eucalyptus oil.
  7. Lemon oil.
  8. Sage oil.
  9. Lavender oil.

For quick and effective treatment, complex therapy is carried out.

Is it possible to cure cystitis without antibiotics?

Treatment without antibiotics is prescribed only in the case of an acute type of illness; for his treatment,antispasmodic and antimicrobial medications. In most cases, the acute form becomes chronic, in which antibiotic treatment cannot be avoided.

Do they give sick leave for cystitis?

Cystitis is a disease in which the inflammatory process develops rapidly. In the acute type of the disease, body temperature often rises, which indicates the need to stay in bed, which means that you need to issue a sick leave certificate.

In case of chronic illness, sick leave is not issued, since the illness does not have pronounced symptoms. It should be remembered that for its treatment it is necessary to undergo diagnostic tests and procedures, which will also take time.

Consequences and complications

This disease, in acute and chronic forms, can be treated quickly and effectively, but if treatment is carried out independently and incorrectly, inflammation takes on other forms, complications arise and develop into other diseases. These consequences and complications include:

  • Cystitis transforms into interstitial, hemorrhagic and gangrenous forms.
  • Pyelonephritis.
  • Bladder empyema.
  • Paracystitis.
  • Trigonite.

The danger of complications lies in the appearance of new diseases in the body.

Prevention

To prevent the disease, it is important to adhere to the following rules and recommendations:

  1. Maintain drinking regime.
  2. Respect the rules of personal hygiene.
  3. Maintain a rest and sleep schedule.
  4. Dress for the weather.
  5. Eat healthy, balanced foods.
  6. Refuse bad habits.
  7. Drink diuretic herbal decoctions.
  8. Exercise.
  9. Take vitamins.

It is important to take care of your health, consult a doctor, diagnose diseases in time and take preventive measures.